Txhua lub tsheb niaj hnub no tau nruab nrog lub suab nrov, uas yog siv los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo tsheb.Nyeem txog dab tsi lub suab teeb liab yog dab tsi, hom dab tsi yog, nws ua haujlwm li cas thiab nws txoj haujlwm yog raws li, nrog rau kev xaiv ntawm cov teeb liab thiab lawv hloov.
Beep yog dab tsi?
Suab teeb liab (suab signaling ntaus ntawv, ZSP) - lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab tswb ntawm lub tsheb;Ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob lossis pneumatic uas tso tawm lub suab nrov ntawm lub suab (ntau zaus) ceeb toom rau lwm tus neeg siv txoj kev txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai.
Raws li txoj cai tam sim no ntawm Txoj Kev, txhua lub tsheb ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Russia yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub suab ceeb toom, uas yuav tsum tau siv los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo tsheb.Raws li cov nqe lus 7.2 ntawm "Cov npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab cov xwm txheej hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb raug txwv", kev tawg ntawm lub suab teeb liab yog vim li cas rau kev txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb.Yog li ntawd, ib tug faulty ZSP yuav tsum tau hloov, thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xaiv txoj cai ntawm cov cuab yeej no, koj yuav tsum to taub nws hom, tsis thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.
Hom, qauv thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub suab teeb liab
ZSP ntawm kev ua lag luam tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub suab ntawm lub suab tawm.
Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau muab tso rau hauv lawv, txhua yam khoom siv tau muab faib ua peb pawg loj:
● Hluav taws xob;
● Pneumatic thiab electro-pneumatic;
● Hluav taws xob.
Thawj pab pawg suav nrog tag nrho ZSP, nyob rau hauv uas lub suab yog tsim los ntawm ib daim nyias nyias, oscillating nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm alternating tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug solenoid (electromagnet).Cov pab pawg thib ob suav nrog cov teeb liab uas lub suab tsim los ntawm cov cua ntws los ntawm lub tshuab raj los ntawm lub tsheb lossis nws tus kheej compressor, cov cuab yeej no feem ntau hu ua horns.Pab pawg thib peb suav nrog ntau yam khoom siv nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Raws li cov spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub emitted suab, muaj ob hom ZSP:
● Suab nrov;
● Tonal.
Thawj pab pawg suav nrog cov teeb liab uas tawm suab ntawm ntau qhov ntau zaus (los ntawm kaum mus rau txhiab Hz), pom los ntawm peb lub pob ntseg raws li lub suab nrov nrov lossis suab nrov xwb.Cov pab pawg thib ob suav nrog ZSP uas tawm suab ntawm qhov siab ntawm qhov ntau ntawm 220-550 Hz.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tonal ZSP tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv ob thaj chaw:
Tus tsimntawm daim nyias nyias (disk)suab teeb liabKev tsim ntawm pneumatic suab teeb liab
● Lub suab qis - nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 220-400 Hz;
● Lub suab nrov - nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 400-550 Hz.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov frequencies no sib haum mus rau lub suab nrov ntawm lub suab teeb liab, tab sis txhua yam khoom siv no tawm suab thiab lwm zaus mus txog rau kaum kilohertz.
Txhua hom ZSP muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab kev siv, lawv yuav tsum tau xav txog ntau yam ntxiv.
Membrane (disk) suab signals
Membrane (disk) suab signals
Cov khoom siv ntawm qhov tsim no yog hu ua electromagnetic, electromechanical lossis vibration.Structurely, lub teeb liab yog yooj yim: nws yog raws li ib tug electromagnet nrog ib tug txav armature txuas nrog ib tug hlau membrane (los yog disk) thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog pab pawg neeg.Tag nrho cov qauv no yog muab tso rau hauv ib rooj plaub, npog nrog ib daim nyias nyias nyob rau sab saum toj, ib tug resonator tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm daim nyias nyias - lub tiaj tiaj los yog lub khob zoo li lub phaj kom nce lub suab nrov.Lub cev muaj lub bracket thiab terminals rau kev txuas mus rau lub tsheb lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm disk ZSP yog qhov yooj yim.Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev thov tam sim no rau electromagnet, nws armature yog retracted thiab rests tiv thaiv cov neeg, qhib lawv - lub electromagnet yog de-energized thiab armature rov qab mus rau nws thawj txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog elasticity ntawm daim nyias nyias, uas dua ua rau kev kaw ntawm cov neeg sib cuag thiab cov khoom siv tam sim no rau electromagnet.Cov txheej txheem no yog rov ua dua ntawm qhov zaus ntawm 200-500 Hz, lub vibrating membrane emits suab ntawm qhov tsim nyog zaus, uas tuaj yeem ua kom nrov dua los ntawm lub resonator.
Vibration electromagnetic signals yog feem ntau vim lawv cov qauv yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab durability.Lawv tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam nyob rau hauv ntau yam, muaj kev xaiv rau lub suab qis thiab siab, uas feem ntau muab tso rau hauv lub tsheb ua khub.
Membrane horn ZSP
Cov cuab yeej ntawm hom no zoo sib xws hauv kev tsim qauv rau cov cim qhia saum toj no, tab sis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntxiv - lub taub hau ncaj ("horn"), kauv ("cochlea") lossis lwm hom.Lub nraub qaum ntawm lub horn yog nyob rau sab ntawm daim nyias nyias, yog li kev co ntawm daim nyias nyias ua rau tag nrho cov huab cua nyob rau hauv lub horn kom vibrate - qhov no muab lub suab emission ntawm ib co spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub suab ntawm lub suab nyob ntawm qhov ntev. thiab internal volume ntawm lub horn.
Qhov ntau tshaj plaws yog cov cim "snail", uas siv qhov chaw me me thiab muaj lub zog loj.Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim yog cov cim "horn", uas, thaum loj, muaj qhov zoo nkauj thiab tuaj yeem siv los kho lub tsheb.Txawm hais tias hom horn, cov ZSPs muaj tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob vibration, uas ua rau lawv muaj koob meej.
Kev tsim ntawm lub horn membrane suab teeb liab
Pneumatic thiab electro-pneumatic suab signals
Electro-pneumatic horn
ZSP ntawm hom no yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yooj yim ntawm lub suab tsim los ntawm cov phaj nyias nyias oscillating hauv cov kwj deg.Raws li txoj cai, lub teeb liab pneumatic yog lub taub hau ncaj, ntawm qhov nqaim ntawm qhov uas muaj lub tshuab kaw cua nrog lub reed lossis membrane vibrator - ib kab noj me me hauv uas muaj ib lub phaj ntawm ib qho los yog lwm qhov.Cov cua kub siab (txog li 10 cua) nkag mus rau lub chamber, nws ua rau lub phaj vibrate - qhov no emits lub suab ntawm ib zaus, uas yog amplified los ntawm lub horn.
Muaj ob qhov sib txawv ntawm cov teeb liab - pneumatic, xav tau kev sib txuas rau lub tshuab pneumatic ntawm lub tsheb, thiab electropneumatic, muaj lawv tus kheej compressor nrog lub zog tsav.Txawm hais tias hom twg, ob lossis peb lossis ntau dua ZSPs nrog cov suab sib txawv tau nruab rau ntawm lub tsheb, uas ua tiav qhov xav tau ntau zaus thiab siv lub suab.
Niaj hnub no, pneumatic signals yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws vim lawv cov nqi siab, tab sis lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tsheb thauj khoom nrov, cov khoom siv no kuj siv rau kev kho.
Electronic ZSP
Cov khoom siv ntawm hom no yog raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub suab nrov, lub emission ntawm lub suab uas yog nqa los ntawm lub taub hau dynamic lossis hluav taws xob emitters ntawm lwm hom.Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov teeb liab no yog lub peev xwm los tawm ib lub suab teeb liab, tab sis cov cuab yeej zoo li no kim dua thiab tsis tshua muaj kev ntseeg siab dua li cov pa membrane lossis pneumatic sawv daws yuav.
GOSTs thiab cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub suab teeb liab
Cov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv suab nrov yog tus qauv, thiab cov peev txheej ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov raug tswj nruj heev.Txhua ZSPs yuav tsum ua raws li GOST R 41.28-99 (uas, dhau los, ua tau raws li European UNECE Txoj Cai No. 28).Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm ZSP yog lub suab siab uas lawv tsim.Qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 95-115 dB rau maus taus, thiab nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 105-118 dB rau tsheb thiab tsheb thauj khoom.Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub suab siab yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv ntau zaus ntawm 1800-3550 Hz (uas yog, tsis nyob rau hauv lub suab nrov ntawm ZSP hluav taws xob, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam uas tib neeg pob ntseg yog rhiab tshaj plaws).
Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm tias cov tsheb pej xeem yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov teeb liab uas muaj lub suab nrov uas nyob ib puag ncig lub sijhawm.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tsis yog ntau hom suab paj nruag ZSPs raug txwv rau cov tsheb zoo tib yam, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb xws li sirens, "quacks" thiab lwm yam.Cov phiajcim tshwj xeeb tsuas yog siv rau qee yam ntawm cov tsheb uas tau teev tseg hauv tus qauv GOST R 50574-2002 thiab lwm yam.Kev siv tsis tau tso cai ntawm cov teeb liab no ua rau muaj kev lav phib xaub rau kev tswj hwm.
Cov teeb meem ntawm kev xaiv thiab kev teeb tsa lub suab teeb liab
Kev xaiv ntawm ZSP los hloov qhov yuam kev yuav tsum tau ua raws li hom kev teeb tsa yav dhau los thiab nws cov yam ntxwv.Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov cuab yeej ntawm tib hom thiab qauv (thiab li no tus lej catalog) uas tau siv rau ntawm lub tsheb ua ntej.Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tso cai rau nruab cov analogues (tab sis tsis yog ntawm lub tsheb warranty) uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau lub suab siab thiab spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg.Tsis tas li ntawd, lub teeb liab tshiab yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog hluav taws xob (12 lossis 24 V fais fab mov) thiab hom, mounts thiab terminals.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv nrog lub suab sib txawv ntawm lub suab, thiab yog tias ob qho khoom siv sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tau nruab rau ntawm lub tsheb, ces koj tsis tuaj yeem tso ob lub suab nrov lossis suab nrov.Nws kuj ua rau tsis muaj kev nkag siab los siv lub siab siv pneumatic teeb liab ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb - qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qee yam teeb meem nrog txoj cai.
Horn electromagnetic suab signals
Kev hloov ntawm ZSP yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus qhia rau kev kho thiab tu lub tsheb, thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm lub teeb liab txawv txav - raws li cov lus qhia txuas nrog.Feem ntau, txoj haujlwm no los rau unscrewing ib los yog ob lub screws thiab txuas hluav taws xob connectors.
Nrog rau kev xaiv kom raug thiab hloov lub suab teeb liab, lub tsheb yuav ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-26-2023